The laboratory test known as HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin measures the average blood glucose levels in a person with diabetes over a period of 2-3 months. Glucose in the blood combines with hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, to form glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c. The more glucose present in the blood, the higher the level of glycated hemoglobin.

HbA1c is an important tool for people with diabetes to manage their condition as it provides a long-term overview of their blood glucose levels in comparison to a single glucose test. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) suggests a target HbA1c level of less than 7% for people with diabetes, although individual targets may vary based on age, duration of diabetes, and other health factors.

Regular monitoring of HbA1c levels helps individuals with diabetes and their healthcare providers make necessary adjustments to their treatment plan. This can assist in keeping blood glucose levels within a healthy range and reducing the risk of complications linked to high blood sugar, such as kidney disease, nerve damage, and heart disease.